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"Brace Technology" Thematic Series - The Lyon approach to the conservative treatment of scoliosis
Jean de Mauroy, Cyril Lecante, Frédéric Barral
Scoliosis , 2011, DOI: 10.1186/1748-7161-6-4
Abstract: The use and function of the Lyon Brace includes:- The utilization of one or two corrective plaster casts, which enables a true lengthening of the concave ligaments.- An oriented CAD-CAM moulding in 3D auto correction after the removal of the plaster cast.- A blueprint adapted to Lenke's classification.- A specific physiotherapy program.Pierre Stagnara created the Lyon Brace in 1947. The brace has the following characteristics:- It adjusts to allow for a child's growth of up to seven centimetres and for an increase in weight of up to seven kilograms.- It is 'active' in that the rigidity of the PMM (polymetacrylate of methyl) structure stimulates the user to auto-correct. The active axial auto-correction decreases the pressures of the brace on the trunk.- It is decompressive in that the effect of extension between the two pelvic and scapular girdles decreases the pressure on the intervertebral disc allowing for more effective pushes in the other planes.- It is symmetrical making it both more aesthetically pleasing and easier to build.- It is stable at both shoulders and pelvic girdle, facilitating the intermediate 3D corrections.- It is transparent. The pressure of the shells on the skin can be directly controlled so "pads" are usually not necessary.Two metal bars are fixed vertically, one anterior the other posterior and all shells are attached from the bottom to the top in this order:- Two pelvic shells ensure an optimal stability of the brace.- One lumbar shell T12-L4, which can be either independent or extending, at the abdominal chondrocostal level.- One thoracic shell at the level of the thoracic convexity.- One opposite thoracic shell used as a counter push.- One shoulder balance shell on the side of the thoracic convexity.This is a retrospective study of 1,338 completed treatments checked a minimum of two years after weaning from the brace.Only 5% of the curves progressed more than 5° from the initial magnitudes. This translates to an effectiveness index of 0.
Developing a tool to measure objectively the rib hump from an instantaneous 3D scanning in a full upright position. Results of 50 scoliosis before and after plaster cas
de Mauroy Jean,David Julien,Genevois Pascal,Barral Frédéric
Scoliosis , 2010, DOI: 10.1186/1748-7161-5-s1-o13
Abstract:
What Are the Ethical Problems Raised by the Increase of Cognitive Capabilities in the Defence Structure: The French Legal Structure, the Ethical Position of the French Military Health Service  [PDF]
Marion Trousselard, Frédéric Canini
Psychology (PSYCH) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/psych.2015.64047
Abstract: All contemporary discussions concerning the ethics of human experimentation are grounded in the Nuremberg Code (Macklin, 1992) which listed what for many are the basic principles underlying the ethical conduct of human research. By law all scientific researches that use human research volunteers are governed by regulations prescribing the ethical treatment of these volunteers (Jones, 1993). The present purpose concerns what Ethics is in order to discuss about how military researches are directly affected by these regulations. They particularly concern neurosciences and precisely how to improve cognition for military individuals. Main arsenal was discussed according the risk-benefit balance. Furthermore, implications for medical reflexion were proposed. The French law prescribing the ethical principles for conducting research on humans as animals have been successively defined in accordance with European texts (French Public Health Code, 1994, 2004; Favre, Vallet, Renaudeau et al., 2004). All of these have consequences for conducting the French biomedical research for the defence.
Combining Internal Data with Scenario Analysis  [PDF]
Elias Karam, Frédéric Planchet
Modern Economy (ME) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/me.2015.65055
Abstract: A Bayesian inference approach offers a methodical concept that combines internal data with experts’ opinions. Joining these two elements with precision is certainly one of the challenges in operational risk. In this paper, we are interested in applying a Bayesian inference technique in a robust manner to be able to estimate a capital requirement that best approaches the reality. In addition, we illustrate the importance of a consistent scenario analysis in showing that the expert opinion coherence leads to a robust estimation of risk.
Improvement of Bare Soil Semi-Empirical Radar Backscattering Models (Oh and Dubois) with SAR Multi-Spectral Satellite Data (X-, C- and L-Bands)  [PDF]
Rémy Fieuzal, Frédéric Baup
Advances in Remote Sensing (ARS) , 2016, DOI: 10.4236/ars.2016.54023
Abstract: The objective of this study is to improve the performance of semi-empirical radar backscatter models, which are mainly used in microwave remote sensing (Oh 1992, Oh 2004 and Dubois). The study is based on satellite and ground data collected on bare soil surfaces during the Multispectral Crop Monitoring experimental campaign of the CESBIO laboratory in 2010 over an agricultural region in southwestern France. The dataset covers a wide range of soil (viewing top soil moisture, surface roughness and texture) and satellite (at different frequencies: X-, C- and L-bands, and different incidence angles: 24.3° to 53.3°) configurations. The proposed methodology consists in identifying and correcting the residues of the models, depending on the surface properties (roughness, moisture, texture) and/or sensor characteristics (frequency, incidence angle). Finally, one model has been retained for each frequency domain. Results show that the enhancements of the models significantly increase the simulation performances. The coefficient of correlation increases of 23% in mean and the simulation errors (RMSE) are reduced to below 2 dB (at the X and C-bands) and to 1 dB at the L-band, compared to the initial models. At the X- and C-bands, the best performances of the modified models are provided by Dubois, whereas Oh 2004 is more suitable for the L-band (r is equal to 0.69, 0.65 and 0.85). Moreover, the modified models of Oh 1992 and 2004 and Dubois, developed in this study, offer a wider domain of validity than the initial formalism and increase the capabilities of retrieving the backscattering signal in view of applications of such approaches to stronglycontrasted agricultural surface states.
Quantitative Evaluation of the Lifshitz-Type Temperature Effect on the Casimir Force  [PDF]
Frédéric Schuller, Renaud Savalle
Journal of Modern Physics (JMP) , 2017, DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2017.811105
Abstract: We consider the extension of the Casimir effect to finite temperatures in the ideal case of perfectly reflecting plates. We apply Lifshitz’s theory in its Dzyaloshinskii version, and calculate the resulting force numerically for various plate distances. We show that the limiting expression found in the literature corresponds to unrealistic values of the parameters for which the force is too small to be measurable. Preliminary remark: There exists a huge literature on the Casimir effect both theoretical and experimental. In this note we concentrate on a particular point of the subject, quoting only references directly related to this point.
The Rehabilitated Image in the Written Press in Cameroon and Its Mediation Challenges: The Example of Cameroon Tribune  [PDF]
Ndibi Ola’a Frédéric
Int'l J. of Communications, Network and System Sciences (IJCNS) , 2020, DOI: 10.4236/ijcns.2020.135005
Abstract: The Cameroonian daily press is now taking a new look at the use of photography in its columns. Photography is therefore at the heart of the new information system: the application of a new formula, a photographic formula, therefore visual, which is a novelty. The aim of our article is to highlight how the Cameroonian daily press constructs the discursive staging of this visual content. It proposes to examine the ways in which the news image in Cameroon Tribune is constituted in journalistic writing. In this article, we will analyse the photographic content of the daily newspaper Cameroon Tribune. The corpus consists of 1245 photographs from 25 issues published between 21 October and 22 November 2019. The technique used is media content analysis, which allows us to produce exhaustive descriptive statements that meet the criteria of scientific validity and reproducibility. Emancipated from its strict illustrative function, photography in the daily newspaper Cameroon Tribune then becomes fully a means of information and communication, in the same way as text. This translates into the construction of informative sets such as the importance of the surface area of the visual content which gives pride of place to the visual, giving an impression of abundance that is perceptible from the Front Page. One of the important features of the newspaper’s iconography is the great positivity of its images, which reinforces the closeness between the reader and the news. In total, the newspaper highlights photographs of limited informative interest: these are portraits that show the faces of the protagonists of the articles, to the detriment of current events.
The Geomagnetic Effects of Solar Activity as Measured at Ouagadougou Station  [PDF]
Aristide Marie Frédéric Gyébré, Doua Allain Gnabahou, Frédéric Ouattara
International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics (IJAA) , 2018, DOI: 10.4236/ijaa.2018.82013
Abstract: The coronal mass ejections (CMEs) produce by Sun poloidal magnetic fields contribute to geomagnetic storms. The geomagnetic storm effects produced by one-day-shock, two-days-shock and three-days-shock activities on Ouagadougou station F2 layer critical frequency time variation are analyzed. It is found that during the solar minimum and the increasing phases, the shock activity produces both positive and negative storms. The positive storm is observed during daytime. At the solar maximum and the decreasing phases only the positive storm is produced. At the solar minimum there is no three-days-shock activity. During the solar increasing phase the highest amplitude of the storm effect is due to the one-day-shock activity and the lowest is produced by the two-days-shock activity. At the solar maximum phase the ionosphere electric current system is not affected by the shock activity. Nevertheless, the highest amplitude of the storm effect is caused by the two-days-shock activity and the lowest by the one-day-shock activity. During the solar decreasing phase, the highest amplitude provoked by the storm is due to the three-days-shock activity and the lowest by the one-day-shock activity.
The Alarming Proximity of Parasites
Frédéric Thomas
PLOS Biology , 2012, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000526
Abstract:
Army Ants Trapped by Their Evolutionary History
Frédéric Delsuc
PLOS Biology , 2012, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0000037
Abstract:
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